Module 1: Introduction & Classification

• Core Concepts: Definitions of computer, data, information, and the processing cycle (Input, Processing, Output, Storage).
• Characteristics: Speed, Accuracy, Diligence, Storage, and Versatility.
• History: Evolution from ABACUS and Slide Rule to Babbage's engines (Difference/Analytical) and electronic computers (ENIAC, EDVAC).
• Classification:
  • By Generation: 1st (Vacuum Tubes) to 5th (Artificial Intelligence).
  • By Data: Digital, Analogue, and Hybrid.
  • By Power: Mainframe, Mini, and Microcomputers.
  • By Purpose: General Purpose vs. Special Purpose.

Module 2: Computer Components & Software

• Hardware: Central Processing Unit (ALU and Control Unit), Primary Memory (RAM/ROM), and Secondary Storage.
• Peripherals: Input devices (Keyboard, Scanners) and Output devices (Monitors, Printers).
• Software Systems:
  • System Software: OS, Utility Software, Language Translators.
  • Application Software: Word Processors, Spreadsheets, Presentation tools.

Module 3: Machine Level Data Representation

• Data Units: Bits, Bytes, Kilobytes, and Word Length.
• Number Bases: Binary (2), Octal (8), Decimal (10), and Hexadecimal (16).
• Conversions: Systematic methods for base translation.
• Binary Arithmetic: Addition, Subtraction (1’s and 2’s complement), Multiplication, and Division.
• Non-Numeric Data: ASCII chart representation.

Module 4: Networking & The Internet

• Network Fundamentals: Resource sharing and communication importance.
• Geographic Types: LAN, CAN (Campus), MAN (Metropolitan), and WAN.
• Topologies: Physical layouts including Bus, Ring, and Star.
• OSI Model: Functional study of the 7 layers (Physical to Application).
• The Internet: Definition, history, impact, and applications in Education, Business, and Healthcare.