Module 1: Numerical Summary of Data
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Introduction to Descriptive Statistics:
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Understanding the need for quantitative measures to summarize
data sets.
- Symbolic representation of data (x1, x2, ..., xn).
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Measures of Location (Central Tendency):
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Mean: The average of a data set (for both
grouped and ungrouped data).
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Median: The middle value of an ordered data
set.
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Mode: The most frequently occurring value in
a data set.
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Relationship between Mean, Median, and Mode for symmetrical
and skewed distributions.
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Measures of Dispersion (Variability):
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Range: The difference between the highest and
lowest values.
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Inter-Quartile Range: The range of the middle
50% of the data.
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Variance: The average of the squared
differences from the Mean.
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Standard Deviation: The square root of the
variance, measuring the typical spread of data points.
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Coefficient of Variation (CV): A relative
measure of dispersion, used for comparing the variability of
different data sets.